Python f-string format specifiers: Aligning and padding text

A Python f-string can have a “format specifier,” one or more characters after : that dictate the format.

For example, you can use < ^ and > with an integer to justify the text:

x = 'abcd'
f'{x:*<10}' # 'abcd******'
f'{x:*^10}' # '***abcd***'
f'{x:*>10}' # '******abcd'