Tag: Python
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Python `__format__`: Custom format codes for your own classes
Want your Python class to take custom format codes? Define __format__. This method returns self.x *except* with a :< format. Then it reverses self.x:
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f-string conversion flags: Using !r to get repr instead of str
A Python value x in an f-string’s {} normally interpolates str(x), aka x.__str__. Want the repr instead, aka x.__repr__? Put !r after the value: f'{x}’ # returns str(x)f'{x!s}’ # also returns str(x), but unneededf'{x!r}’ # returns the repr
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Formatting a Python datetime with f-strings and strftime codes
Have a Python datetime, and want to print it? Use an f-string, and pass a strftime-style format: f'{now:%Y-%m-%d}’ # year-month-datef'{now:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}’ # year-month-date hour:min:sec # Easily integrate into user outputf’Today is {now:%Y-%m-%d}, you know!’
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Thousands separators in Python f-strings: Format with commas
Have a Python number, and want commas before every 3 digits? Use , in an f-string: Floats, too: Combine , and .2f:
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Python float to percentage: Format with % in an f-string
Have a Python float, and want to show it as a percentage? Use % in an f-string
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Formatting floats in Python f-strings: The .nf specifier
Want to display a Python float with a limited number of decimals? Use .nf as an f-string’s format specifier. n is the number of digits to show after the decimal: Note: It rounds the final digit!
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Python f-string format specifiers: Padding and aligning columns
Use Python f-strings and format specifiers to make quick-and-dirty tables: Output: a…….10bcd……2e…..3456
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Python f-string format specifiers: Aligning and padding text
A Python f-string can have a “format specifier,” one or more characters after : that dictate the format. For example, you can use < ^ and > with an integer to justify the text:
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Python f-string debugging: Printing expressions with =
Want to print a Python expression and its value? The modern way: All expressions work:
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Python f-strings are just strings: Use them anywhere
Remember, Python f-strings are strings: 1. Use f-strings anywhere you’d use strings, e.g., filenames and URLs2. You don’t have to print an f-string; you can store it.3. Don’t overuse them! I see people writing when they can say